Phytochemical Analysis of Costus spicatus Flower and In Silico Toxicological evaluation of its Antidiabetic molecule

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of glucose metabolism which correlates with postprandial hyperglycemia and oxidative stress .There is a growing trend towards the use of complementary and alternative medical practices in diabetes. The study tested the hypothesis that an aqueous extract of Costus spicatus flower, a medicinal plant with anti hyperglycemic possibly have the ability to promote the decrease of glucose levels and treat hyperglycemia and can also have toxicological effects. Crude extraction of oven dried leaves were carried out by soaking the plant in distilled water,The residue was collected in beakers and placed in the oven to concentrate the extract which yielded 47.57g (15.85% yield). The aqueous flower extract was tested for the presence of bioactive compounds using standard methods as described by Trease and Evans (1989) with slight modification which indicates the presences of carbohydrates, alkaloids,flavaniod and protein. Aqueous chemical compositions of the extract of C. spicatus flower were investigated using Hewlett Packard Gas Chromatograph (Model 6890 series) equipped with a flame ionization detector and Hewlett Packard 7683 series injector, MS transfer line temperature of 250°C,GC/MS analysis of aqeous extract of C. spicatus flower revealed the existence of 8 phyto-constitutes, GC-MS chromatogram of aqueous extract of C. spicatus flower. Peak 1 with the retention time of 15.279 was identified as Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester and as the major phyto-component of C. spicatus. The absorbance and wavelength of the peaks were determined for the aqueous flower extract by a wavelength scan between 200 and 227 nm, which revealed the varying absorbance of the flower extract at different wavelengths and the spectrum shows the highest peaks at 200nm and 214nm which shows the presence of organic chromospheres. Molecular docking was used to identify and compare the interaction between the compounds (active constituents) and Metformin and Repaglinide on potential inhibitors of antidiabetic targets, Few of these compounds showed good inhibitory activity. The ADMET properties of potential inhibitors of antidiabetic target shows that some of the active constituents of Costus spicatus, is much more absorbed,distributed, metabolized ,excreted and possesses less toxic effect compared metformin and repaglinide. Most of these compounds have pharmacokinetics properties that make them potentially promising drug candidates for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.